Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a leading infectious disease killer globally, with a significant case arising from Asia. Inadequacies of traditional pathogen-directed therapies, vaccine response and the emergence of drug resistance are the major barriers to global TB elimination. It is now clear that host-pathogen crosstalk is the key determinant influencing the outcome of Mtb infection. This interaction is dictated by the dynamic heterogeneity of the Mtb phenotype, the host response (both immune and stromal cells), and the spatial environment of TB lesions. This EMBO Workshop will bring together researchers who study Mtb-host responses from bacteria to cell to organism. The aim of this EMBO Workshop is to enhance the understanding of heterogeneous biology and disease pathogenesis, which will inform novel strategies for treatment and prevention.